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Lithium Cobalt Dioxide (LiCoO2) is a chemical compound commonly used in the positive electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. The structure of LiCoO2 is known theoretically and has been confirmed with techniques like x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, neutron powder diffraction, and EXAFS: it consists of layers of lithium that lie between slabs of octahedra formed by cobalt and oxygen atoms. The crystal structure is denoted R\bar 3m in Hermann-Mauguin notation, signifying a rhombus-like unit cell with threefold improper rotational symmetry and a mirror plane. More simply, however, both lithium and cobalt are octahedrally coordinated by oxygen. Each cobalt atom is aligned on a common axis with lithium atoms and separated from each lithium atom by a triangle of oxygen atoms as can be seen in the figures. The threefold rotational axis is termed improper because the oxygen triangles are anti-aligned.
Exposure to soluble cobalt salts can lead to Beer Drinker’s Cardiomyopathy. MSDS sheets list lithium cobalt oxide is a potential human carcinogen but indicate “no data available” under the Acute Toxicity heading. However, unlike cobalt(II) salts, this oxide is insoluble in water. Lithium ion batteries contain lithium cobalt oxide and are considered nonhazardous waste. Safety precautions should be taken when handling it.
The compound’s usefulness as an intercalation electrode was discovered in 1980 by John B. Goodenough’s research group at Oxford.
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