N-carboxy-glycin n-benzyl ester USES and production methods

Purpose: 1 N - carboxy - glycin N - benzyl ester used in peptide synthesis, used for amino acid monomer. 2 organic intermediates. 3 as a peptide reagents. 4 and biochemical studies

Production methods: under the cooling, formic acid benzyl ester chloride and sodium hydroxide solution of drop added to the mixture of glycine and sodium hydroxide solution, while stirring. Reaction, let stand for the reservoir. Water cooling after acidification were extracted with ethyl ether to Congo red acid, filter the precipitation, water washing, drying, product benzyl oxygen carbonyl glycine. Yield of 86-91%.

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From:Biochemical Reagent

Mandelic Acid profile

Mandelic Acid to white slice rhombic crystal, dew with light discoloration decomposition. Soluble in ether and isopropyl alcohol, soluble in water and ethanol. Mandelic acid is one of the hydrolysis product of amygdalin, earliest and by j. w. Walker and v. k. Krieble in 1909 made by amygdalin was hydrolyzed by dilute hydrochloric acid. Mandelic acid and its derivatives in the body are epinephrine and norepinephrine sheets amine oxidase and catecholamine metabolites - O - methyl transferase. Mandelic acid molecules have a chiral carbon atoms, hence the (R) and type (S) of the two enantiomers. (R) - type gradually racemization in the 160 ° C. Isomers with cresol acid (2 - hydroxy - 3 - methyl benzoic acid) and 2 - methoxy benzoic acid.

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From:Natural herbal extracts

Information about Ureaplasma urealyticum genotyped detection kit (PCR-reverse some hybrid method)

Original body includes six species of urea, urea solution urea original body (Ureaplasma urealyticum) have close relationship with human urinary tract infection. Urea solution urea also called soluble m. urealyticum in the original body, can use their urea enzyme, after the decomposition of urea to provide energy metabolism. On the classification of genus mycoplasma urea original body genera. Urea solution urea original body is one of the human urinary tract common parasitic bacteria, in certain circumstances can cause disease. In engraftment of human body can have the second rise, namely the childbirth by the maternal birth canal neonatal infection, after rapidly reduced; Starting from the sex life and gradually increase. In recent years, the urea urea solution is taken seriously increasingly, the original body caused by urinary tract infection is one of the pathogens of urethritis of sex of gonococcus of cause blame. Has been listed as the pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases.

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From:Elisa assay kits

P - Chlorophenyl isocyanate should study the synthesis methods of phosgene route

P - Chlorophenyl isocyanate is an important organic synthetic intermediate, it is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries. In terms of drug synthesis, the products are mainly used for synthetic drugs fall blood sugar. Currently, P - Chlorophenyl isocyanate synthesis method is given priority to with phosgene and react to chloroaniline, the method of preparation of P - Chlorophenyl isocyanate yield is high, but as a result of phosgene as highly toxic gas, large damage to the environment, and the measurement and operation is not very convenient, so it is necessary to explore the synthesis methods of phosgene route. 

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From:Chemistry chemicals materials

The basic information of the 2,3-Dichlorothiophene

Product name: 2, 3 - dichloro thiophene

English synonyms: 2, 3 - dichloro thiophene. 2, 3 - dichloro thiophene, 97%

English name: 2, 3 - Dichlorothiophene

English synonyms: 2, 3 - DICHLOROTHIOPHENE; 2, 3 - Dchlorothiophene; 2, 3 - DICHLOROPYRIDINE; Thiophene, 2, 3 - dichloro -

CAS no. : 17249-79-5

Molecular formula: C4H2Cl2S

Molecular weight: 153.03

EINECS no. :

Related categories: Thiophens; Thiophene. Halogenated Heterocycles; Heterocyclic Building Blocks. Thiophenes. ThiophenesBuilding Blocks; thiophene

Mol files: 17249-79-5. Mol

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From:pharmaceutical chemicals

Lymecycline some effect

Lymecycline is a tetracycline broad-spectrum antibacterial marketed by the biologic aggregation Galderma. It is about 5,000 times added acrid than tetracycline abject and is different amidst tetracyclines in that it is captivated by an alive carriage activity beyond the abdominal wall, authoritative use of the aforementioned fast and able apparatus by which carbohydrates are absorbed.
The greater assimilation of lymecycline allows for lower dosages to be used; the accepted dosage of 408 mg is agnate to 300 mg tetracycline abject and, in its action, to 500 mg tetracycline hydrochloride. Lymecycline, clashing tetracycline hydrochloride, is acrid at all physiological pH values.


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From:Natural herbal extracts

Hydroxylethyl methylimidazolium saccharinate related matters

Packaging and storage and transportation

Packing: double bag, outer composite paper bag, inner polyethylene film bag.

Storage: hydroxylethyl methylimidazolium saccharinate stored in indoor and ventilated dry place, pay attention to moistureproof. Rain in the process of transportation, prevent bask in.

Safety matters

1. The product there is the danger of dust explosion, when a large number of processing or bulk processing need to be careful to avoid the dust deposition and suspended in the air, can't close to the heat, Mars, flame and electrostatic.

Methyl cellulose powder and into 2. Avoid contact with eyes, should be worn when operating the filter mask and safety goggles.

3. The product is very slippery when wet, and methyl cellulose powder should be clear in time, and disposal of the skid.

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From:Catalyst chemistry

Losartan D4 medical applications

Cozaar (Losartan D4) first listed in 1994 , is now in 93 countries have been approved for use for the treatment of hypertension . Hyzaar including the United States have been in 74 countries have been approved for use .
Merck currently apply in some countries outside the United States Cozaar treatment of heart failure indications. And have been registered in 12 countries for the treatment of those who are no longer suitable for the application of angiotensin -converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy.
Cozaar and Hyzaar are AIIA class of drugs most prescribed drugs in the world, sales of anti-hypertensive drugs qualifying third . Since the advent of the drug , there have been more than 10 million patients who have taken Cozaar and Hyzaar . As these drugs Cozaar most widely studied drugs , there are more than 4,000 scientific papers published . Cozaar and Hyzaar are developed by Merck .
In order to assess the therapeutic effect of Cozaar , especially in improving hypertension, heart failure and recent heart attack survival rates , reduce morbidity , it has already launched a series of large-scale endpoint studies, including LIFE ( Cozaar treatment of hypertension survival Study ) and OPTIMAAL ( Cozaar after myocardial infarction study ) .
For Cozaar Kidney Protection Study (RENAAL) has published the annual meeting of American Society of Hypertension . This new landmark study achieved its primary goal , the first time demonstrated Cozaar for hypertension associated with type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients with renal protection . Cozaar group in patients with end-stage renal disease risk reduction of 28 %, usually these patients require dialysis and kidney transplant to maintain life .
Advances in clinical medicine
Calcium channel blockers and losartan in patients with hypertension can reduce the risk of gout (BMJ. 2012 Jan 12; 344: d8190. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.d8190.)
Topic : Different types of antihypertensive drugs on the incidence of gout : a population-based case-control study (Antihypertensive drugs and risk of incident gout among patients with hypertension: population based case-control study.)
Objective: This study was designed to study the application of antihypertensive drugs in patients with hypertension and the risk of gout independent association between .
Design: nested case- control study .
Setting : UK General Practice Research Database Health 2000-2007 .
Study subjects: 24,768 cases aged 20-79 years adult patients with gout , 50,000 cases of the control group were randomly paired samples .
Key indicators: antihypertensive drugs associated with the application of the relative risk of gout onset .
Results: The age, gender, body mass index , medical status, alcohol and drugs and related complications after adjustment for patients with hypertension (N = 29138) antihypertensive drug-related causes gout multivariate relative risks were: calcium channel antagonists 0.87 ( 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.93 ) , losartan 0.81 ( 0.70 to 0.94 ) , diuretics 2.36 (2.21至2.52), β receptor antagonists 1.48 ( 1.40 to 1.57 ) , angiotensin-converting inhibitors 1.24 ( 1.17 to 1.32 ) , non- angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist losartan 1.29 ( 1.16 to 1.43 ) . Non-hypertensive patients studied yielded similar results. Hypertensive patients with calcium channel antagonists length of time multivariate relative risks were: <1 year 1.02,1-1.9 years 0.88, ≥ 2 years was 0.75 , while losartan were 0.98,0.87 and 0.71 (P for trend <0.05 ) .
CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with decreased uric acid , calcium channel antagonists and losartan in patients with hypertension can reduce the risk of gout . In contrast , diuretics , β receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and non- losartan angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist associated with increased risk of gout .


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From:Natural herbal extracts

DARPP-32 (Phospho-Thr34) Polyclonal Antibody related presentations

Cancer is a disease, abnormal proliferation and differentiation, but also diseases abnormal apoptosis. The process of gastric lesions, reduced apoptosis, proliferation increases may be related to cell regulation disorders. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, in the developing embryos and human malignancies, expressed in transformed cell lines, and in the terminal differentiation and maturation of tissue hardly expressed. Survivin expression in tumors with poor prognosis, tumor progression, relapse, drug treatment was well tolerated and patients shortened survival. So the location and function of survivin in the conduct of research that can guide clinical diagnosis and treatment is to provide a theoretical basis. Survivin may be through inhibition of caspase activity play its anti-apoptotic function. Found that protein phosphorylation pathways involved in the regulation of cell death, affected subcellular localization, cell protection and cell cycle progression. Survivin mainly in the G2 / M phase expressed in vivo during mitosis, the cell cycle-dependent kinase complex (P34cdc2-cyclinB1) so that the first 34 survivin protein threonine (Thr34) phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of survivin with microtubule polymerization or mitotic spindle, inhibit caspase9 activity. Survivin variants (Thr34-Ala, 34 threonine replaced by alanine) although capable of binding to the mitotic apparatus, but the loss of phosphorylation sites, survivin-caspase9 complexes during mitosis device lost contact occurs caspase9 dependent apoptosis. Phosphorylation defective survivin mutant (Thr34-Ala) expression of the body can cause human melanoma cell line apoptosis, and may increase the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the first survivin peptide chain 34 is the impact of survivin threonine functional areas. The present study aimed phosphorylated survivinThr34 in gastric carcinoma and distribution, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of gastric provide a new target. Materials and methods 1. Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Collection 2001-2003 resected gastric lesions and endoscopic biopsy tissue sections 108 cases. 2. Immunohistochemistry Reagents later, polyclonal goat anti-human antibody survivinThr34 phosphorylated. 3.Adopt counted under a microscope for positive semi-quantitative analysis. 4. Statistically using xZ test to determine statistically significant differences between samples. Results 1. Immunohistochemical detection of phosphorylated sUrVivinTllr34 protein mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of gastric adenocarcinoma, in adjacent neighboring tissue can also be seen phosphorylated sulvMn Thl.34 protein expression, but a small number. Phosphorylated stirvivinTh has 4 protein expression and gastric adenocarcinoma patients' gender, age, histological grade, pathological staging. 2 dysplasia, gastric benign lesions expression rates were 33.3% and 35.3%, by statistical analysis of phosphorylated s ~ ivihThi have 4 in the above two kinds of pathological conditions expressed positive rate difference. 3 phosphorylated s ~ ivinT Bu r34 proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma, the positive expression rate was 76.79%, with atypical hyperplasia, benign gastric lesions group, by x, analysis P0.01, was statistically significant . Discussion 1. The experimental results show that the phosphorylation of proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma sulvivinThr34 highly expressed in atypical hyperplasia, benign gastric lesions low expression in adjacent tissue section adjacent expression. It is felt that there is phosphorylated survivinThr34 proliferation and differentiation of tissues were expressed. High expression in gastric cancer cells, expression of the strong, may be associated with cell proliferation, differentiation exuberant about. 2 adjacent neighboring cells in the cuvette phosphorylated 4 survivin expression, although these cells did not change shape in the light microscope, but have changed at the molecular level, they will eventually develop into cancer cells or normal cells carrying self-repair, pending further study. 3 phosphorylated survivinTh has 4 protein expression in benign gastric lesions may be related to the repair of damaged gland cells to maintain normal cell function. Conclusions phosphorylated survivin bamboo ir34 distributed only in the cytoplasm. . Phosphorylation of survivin in gastric adenocarcinoma dish code 4 expression was significantly increased, although it is not specific markers of gastric adenocarcinoma, but can be used as reference for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer cells as a facilitator intervention sites. 3.Thi has four functional areas as survivin, phosphorylated survivinTI] 134 expression may be associated with cell proliferation, involved in cell differentiation, and is glandular cell damage repair factor, maintaining the integrity and regulating gastric mucosal cell renewal .

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From:Raw pharmaceutical materials

Bifidobacterium Bifidum related information

Bifidobacterium number distribution in the gastrointestinal phase of growth and decreased with age , the distribution is the most nutritious children breast milk . It has been found , Bifidobacterium 32 subtypes , Bifidobacterium biologics containing up to 70 . Intestinal bacteria Bifidobacterium infantis sixty percent of the total , over 60 years old accounted for only 7.9 percent of bifidobacteria .

Response to oxygen
The sensitivity of members of the genus Bifidobacterium to O2 generally limits probiotic activity to anaerobic habitats. Recent research has reported that some Bifidobacterium strains exhibit various types of oxic growth. Low concentrations of O2 and CO2 can have a stimulatory effect on the growth of these Bifidobacterium strains. Based on the growth profiles under different O2 concentrations, the Bifidobacterium species were classified into four classes: O2-hypersensitive, O2-sensitive, O2-tolerant, and microaerophilic. The primary factor responsible for aerobic growth inhibition is proposed to be the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the growth medium. A H2O2-forming NADH oxidase was purified from O2-sensitive Bifidobacterium bifidum and was identified as a b-type dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The kinetic parameters suggested that the enzyme could be involved in H2O2 production in highly aerated environments


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From:Lactic acid bacteria

Probiotic classification

Probiotics (Probiotics, Probiotic) is a class of beneficial microorganisms to the host, is planted in the human intestinal tract, reproductive system, which can produce the exact health benefits to improve the host micro-ecological balance, play a useful role in the activity of beneficial microorganisms in general. The human body, animals, beneficial bacteria or fungi are: Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, actinomycetes, yeasts and so on. Research on the world's most powerful types of products are mainly above composite active probiotic microorganisms, which are widely used in biological engineering, industry, agriculture, food safety, and life and health fields.
Category:
(1) Lactobacillus
(Such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus Jane's Raman Lactobacillus, etc.)
(2) Class Bifidobacterium
(Such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium oval thermophilus Bifidobacterium)
(3) Gram-positive cocci
(Such as Streptococcus faecalis, Lactococcus, Streptococcus and other intermediaries).
Precautions probiotic products and purchase
Yogurt, but with probiotics is limited, and many people do not fit to take.
Probiotic solid drink. Dietary supplements on the market under the cartridge powdered probiotic solid beverage, and its advantages are easy to carry, convenient to eat. It can be eaten directly, or adding reconstituted juice and milk consumption, more and more work and traveling families of all ages. And its strains can vary according to the characteristics of populations and physiological adjustments, bacteria content is relatively high, usually to 30 billion.
Probiotics such as infant formula is one important component
Probiotic strains survive environmental requirements for the production and packaging process has very high standards, domestic technology has not yet reached to provide for the effective probiotic strains kept alive packaging environments.
Need to recognize the time of purchase on the packaging clearly identify strains, such as: cheese Lactobacillus Zhang, Bifidobacterium BB-12, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus plantarum P-8, Bifidobacterium V9 , Bifidobacterium lactis HN019.
Fungi
Some yeasts also classified as probiotics category....



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From:Food bacteria

Vitamin K-related information

Vitamin K is a group of naphthoquinone derivatives 2 - menadione, is a human vitamins, with a hydrophobic. It is a special post-translational protein necessary, particularly in the blood coagulation protein necessary. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone (Menaquinone) and four Menatetrenone (Menatetrenone)) is usually manufactured by bacteria in the intestines of animals, so vitamin K deficiency is extremely rare unless there is severe intestinal damage. In addition to natural vitamin K1, K2, there are also synthetic vitamin K3, K4.
Vitamin K is a family of compounds of similar structure, their common methylated naphthoquinone ring, but at position 3 of the hydrocarbon side chain is different. Phylloquinone (Phylloquinone. Also known as vitamin K1) with the side chain of four isoprene (isoprenoid) residues, one of which is unsaturated known. Menadione (Menaquinone, vitamin K2) an unsaturated side chain known unequal number of isoprene chains, commonly referred to as MK-n, n represents the number of isoprene chains. MK-4, 5,7 equal activity with vitamin K1. MK-1 only 1% of the activity of vitamin K1, MK-10 is only 30 to 49% of the active. Menadione (Menadione, vitamin K3) is a synthetic product, but with toxicity.


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From:Herbal extract